• <洪武帝>[こうぶてい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor = <朱元璋>[しゅげんしょう]
• <永楽帝>[えいらくてい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor
• <鄭和>[ていわ] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He
• <北虜南倭>[ほくりょなんわ] = Mongols to the north, <倭寇>[わこう] to the south
  • タタール = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatars, a group of Mongols
  • オイラート = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oirats, another group of Mongols
• <土木>[どぼく]の<変>[へん] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumu_Crisis
• <万暦帝>[ばんれきてい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanli_Emperor
• <張居正>[ちょうきょせい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng
• <李自成>[りじせい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zicheng
• <秦良玉>[しんりょうぎょく] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Liangyu