.カール大帝 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne (シャルルマーニュ), King of the the Franks, the Lombards, and the Holy Roman Emperor レオ3世 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_III ヴェルダン条約 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun メルセン条約 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Meerssen オットー1世 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_the_Great 神聖ローマ帝国 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire

<封建制>[ほうけんせい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism <農奴制>[のうどせい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfdom .<荘園制>[しょうえんせい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manorialism <三圃制>[さんぽせい] = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-field_system

ベネディクトゥス = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia クリュニー修道院 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluny_Abbey カノッサの屈辱 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Canossa (Humiliation of Canossa), depicting submission of the Emperor (ハインリヒ4世) to the Pope (グレゴリウス7世)

ユスティニアヌス帝 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I ローマ法大全 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis レオン3世 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian ギリシア正教会 = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Greece